Intervenções não invasivas para alterações neurofisiológicas em crianças com transtorno do espectro autista: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

ASD is a developmental disorder affecting social interaction, communication, and behavior from childhood, often associated with sensory-motor deficits. Early identification and targeted interventions are crucial to mitigate the effects of ASD and promote better quality of life. Studies indicate that programs such as physical exercises and visual-postural training can be effective in improving motor skills in children with ASD. Understanding the impact of these interventions on neurophysiological changes is essential to optimize treatment and foster healthy development. This study reviewed recent literature to analyze interventions aimed at improving neurophysiological alterations in children with ASD, aged 6 to 12 years. Bibliographic searches were conducted in virtual libraries and relevant databases such as LILACS, SciELO, PubMed, and Scopus. Inclusion criteria encompassed publications between 2013 and 2023, ASD diagnosis, specific age, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Exclusion criteria included duplicate articles, systematic reviews, abstracts, and others that did not meet the established criteria. Based on the reviewed studies, specific interventions such as exercise programs, visual-postural training, and physical activities showed significant benefits for children with ASD in areas such as balance, postural stability, and motor skills. The use of visual stimuli also proved effective in improving motor performance. However, results vary regarding the impact of different types of interventions, such as motivation programs, exergames, and specific activities like Taekwondo. While some studies report significant improvements, others indicate that certain interventions may not affect other areas, such as reaction time. Further research with larger samples and robust designs is needed to scientifically validate these intervention programs and explore their effects on other cognitive and functional areas.