Geologia e geoprocessamento aplicados ao ordenamento territorial

Abstract

The objective of this research is to apply and systematize remote sensing and geoprocessing methods to elaborate thematic maps of territorial management, including maps of geological risk and potential use of occupation, in areas of Nova Lima, MG, so it can be replicable to regions other than the study area. The results of the work are presented in the form of three articles. The municipality of Nova Lima, in Minas Gerais, is located in an area of high altitudes and slopes. The municipality is in the border of the Belo Horizonte, being part of the Metropolitan Region (of B. Horizonte) and has become a territory of significant real estate value. In another point, Nova Lima is part of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero region that is a very important area in the national scene in mining, especially iron, gold, and manganese. Urban growing and verticalization are in the same region as mining, and both compete for space with elements of environmental interest and cultural landscape, which motivates a better understanding of the territory and a diagnostic and prognostic analysis of risk conditions. geological. The first article presents the Geological Risk Index and is presented in the paper as a method applicable by geoprocessing technologies that aims to subsidize decision-making about the urban expansion of the region, and can be indicated as a spatial analysis model applicable to other case studies in Brazil, as support for territorial planning of areas characterized by relief and complex geological substrate. The second article presents the results and thematic maps constructed from the use of UAV data showing that it is possible to perform the spatial analysis of the study area and to know/understand its potential use for urban occupation. The drone flies over allows the generation of a mosaic of orthophoto which is the basis for generating the analyzes related to the environment, and with the use of other geotechnologies it is possible to elaborate indices for urban occupation in the study site. In this case study, the chosen area was the Vale do Sereno region, part of the municipality of Nova Lima/MG, which has urban expansion in areas with physical characteristics not suitable for occupation, in general. Thus, the use of geotechnologies as a subsidy for territorial planning and planning is increasingly accessible and detailed for public management. The third article applies spatial planning based on sub-basin clipping and spatializes the impacts related to human activities in case of disasters, such as the rupture of the Mina Córrego do Feijão dam, Brumadinho, MG. From remote sensing and satellite image data, the Ferro Carvão Stream was analyzed during the pre and post rupture period. The paper aims to understand how the dynamics and distribution of the mud were determined by the spatial organization of the watershed, according to its hypsometry, slope, drainage, among other characteristics. This allowed the characterization of the types of use and occupation of the most vulnerable places to the mudflow.