Identidade e comando: por uma política da indeterminação

Abstract

This dissertation analyzes identities as normative devices that function as commands, regulating possibilities of being and acting while naturalizing exclusions and hierarchies. Presented as natural descriptions or universal truths, identities impose limits on plurality and reduce the creative potential of life, often anchored in passive affects such as fear, resentment, and submission. Drawing on the reflections of authors such as Giorgio Agamben, Spinoza, and Nietzsche, it is argued that identity politics, when operating under the logic of command, reinforces dynamics of control and exclusion, even when claiming new categories. To transcend this logic, the dissertation proposes a politics of indeterminacy, which rejects the fixation of identities and embraces contingency and plurality as fundamental ethical and political principles. This politics is grounded in the mobilization of active affects, such as joy and generosity, which expand the capacity to act and enable the creation of new forms of existence. Inspired by the ontology of potentiality, in contrast to the ontology of command, the politics of indeterminacy seeks to deactivate normative devices and foster a political and ethical horizon where life can flourish without the constraints imposed by past norms. Through critical and creative analysis, the dissertation argues that political transformation does not lie in the mere substitution of norms but in creating conditions that allow for the emergence of freer, more plural, and inclusive forms of life. This path reaffirms the role of affects and philosophy in constructing new languages and concepts capable of sustaining an ethics of openness and experimentation.