A política em concreto no último Lukács: textos políticos tardios, recepção no Brasil e uma análise do Testamento político (1971)

Abstract

This work presents the results of an investigation into György Lukács's treatment of politics in a set of texts from his trajectory: the so-called late political texts. Through immanent analysis of these texts, we seek to show how the Hungarian philosopher develops, at the end of his intellectual trajectory, a specific treatment of politics, addressing issues of greater concreteness, given in objectively existing relations, with developments that require interventions or resolutions through political action. To this end, we will observe how the late Lukács's treatment of politics was related to the historical events of his time, notably the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) and the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. Although there was solid evidence of the sophistication of the late Lukács's treatment of politics, we find that the Brazilian reception of Lukácsian thought reduced the relevance of the Hungarian philosopher's political reflections. In opposition to this, we will attempt to highlight the specific conditions through which Lukács manages to address politics: that is, with close attention to the real tendencies of democratic development, based on concrete conditions of labor, with special attention to the Hungarian case. To this end, we will analyze in greater detail the text known as the Political Testament, from 1971, the last year of the philosopher's life. This text will allow us to demonstrate how, far from detaching himself from the philosophical considerations of his Ontology, Lukács is able to address, through politics, the relationship between individuals' actions, with their singular teleological positings, and the real moment of social development. From this point, it will be possible to visualize how, in the Political Testament, Lukács establishes a close and sophisticated relationship between labor, culture, politics, and spheres of production, based on concrete positions of democratization in everyday life.