Projeto de intervenção para promoção em saúde, o manejo adequado e a prevenção de agravos em pacientes diabéticos na Unidade Básica de Saúde Cícero Jacinto de Oliveira, Massapê – CEARÁ

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease with a high prevalence and challenging management, commonly associated with unhealthy lifestyle habits and poor dietary patterns. Its onset is typically insidious and progressive, and, if not adequately controlled, the disease can lead to serious and harmful complications, resulting in diminished quality of life and increased morbidity and mortality among affected individuals. Moreover, T2DM imposes a substantial financial burden on the public healthcare system due to hospital admissions and long-term complications. Primary Health Care (PHC) plays a fundamental role in the proper management and prevention of this condition. This paper presents a proposal for an Intervention Project (IP), scheduled to last one year, aimed at optimizing the care of diabetic patients served by the Tangente Basic Health Unit (UBS Tangente), located in the rural area of Massapê, a municipality in the state of Ceará, Brazil. Based on a situational assessment of the enrolled population, several shortcomings and limitations in T2DM management were identified, including low adherence to pharmacological treatment and reluctance or refusal to adopt lifestyle changes. These issues may be addressed through the implementation of strategies that strengthen the relationships between healthcare professionals, patients, families, and the broader community, grounded in trust, shared responsibility, and health education. The primary goal of the IP is to improve adherence among individuals with T2DM to both lifestyle modifications and pharmacological therapy. To achieve this, the project proposes the implementation of continuing education initiatives and health education programs involving patients, their families, community members, and the healthcare team at UBS Tangente. Additional measures include establishing an operational support group for individuals with diabetes, promoting regular physical activity and healthy eating habits, and providing closer monitoring of patients with respect to treatment adherence and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) testing. With the implementation of this IP, it is expected that the number of medical consultations for diabetic patients will increase, in accordance with the frequency recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Furthermore, improvements in glycemic control and achievement of therapeutic targets in a greater proportion of patients are anticipated over the course of the project. It is also expected that the population’s understanding of T2DM and the risks associated with poor adherence to both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment will be enhanced. Ultimately, in the medium and long term, a reduction in emergency visits and hospitalizations is anticipated, supported by strengthened efforts to prevent both acute and chronic complications.