Nudge socioalimentar: integração social e nutricional dos migrantes forçados durante a pandemia Covid-19

Abstract

The aim of this research is verifying if during the Covid-19 pandemic, there was an increase in food and nutritional insecurity of international migrants in vulnerable situations, especially those forcibly displaced. In addition, it has the objective to understand whether the norms, narratives and institutions of International Law were capable of anticipating and reducing the effects caused by food and nutritional insecurity of this large group. It also, reflects on whether sustainable development can help in the socio-food and nutritional integration of forcibly displaced people, based on the interaction between technology and nutrition. In order to make its development possible, the work unfolds into three specific objectives detailed below. First, the international food scenario before the pandemic is presented, in order to identify which concepts have been developed and refined until then, as well as the normative-programmatic bases for protecting the sustainable environment as a way to combat hunger, the human right to adequate food and socio-food and nutritional security. Afterwards, the international food scenario is exposed during the pandemic, comparing it with the previous scenario, mainly with regard to the transnational impacts caused by the coronavirus, the growth of food (in)security and the main affected human profiles. Finally, it discusses the possible reconstruction of International Law in the food context of migrants in a vulnerable situation in the face of the experience lived during the Covid-19 pandemic. To this end, it is proposed the application of the architecture of choices and the nudge, in order to promote sustainable food and nutritional development through technologies aimed at human well-being. Therefore, the hypothesis of the study is based on the idea that, although the Covid-19 pandemic has had a great impact on the increase in food insecurity of migrants over the last few years, International Law has been able to anticipate and reduce the impacts caused, mainly due to previously established international programmatic norms, which allow an interaction between law, technology and nutrition. Throughout the research, it was observed that the hypothesis was partially confirmed, reaching the conclusion that the Covid-19 pandemic had a great impact on the increase in food and nutritional insecurity of international migrants in vulnerable situations, although it was not the only one cause; the norms, narratives and institutions of International Law were not, by themselves, capable of anticipating and reducing the effects caused by the pandemic. Based on this, a new mechanism is proposed to encourage the protection of the food and nutritional security of migrants in vulnerable situations, which is the interaction between technology and nutrition, which represent, respectively, the Sustainable Development Goals n.º. 17 and 2 of the 2030 Agenda. As for the methodology, the present work is developed from the reading of reports, legal norms, programmatic norms and doctrines, especially of the International Law referring to the human right to adequate food, to food and nutritional security, to vulnerable international migrants and the 2030 Agenda. Furthermore, based on the data collected and presented, graphs were prepared by the author herself to facilitate the visualization of the numbers. In this sense, to carry out the research, the quantitative and qualitative method is used and bibliographic and documental procedures are adopted.