A redenção pela narrativa: lineamentos sobre a configuração e a importância das narrativas para elaboração de um passado traumático à luz da obra de Gabriel García Márquez e dos pensamentos de Paul Ricoeur

Abstract

This dissertation aimed to investigate the importance of the different types of narratives for the implementation of the right to memory, especially with regard to the historical and political context of the Brazilian State and its recent past of military ruling between the years 1964-1985. The narratives of the Colombian writer Gabriel García Márquez and theories of narrated time and political just memory of Paul Ricoeur permeate all the posed discussions. The agreement intrinsic to the narrative is presented by Ricoeur as the poetic solution to the disagreement of time. In the analysis path of the narrative setting, issues such as the referential of fiction and truth, their intimate relationship with time and with the mechanisms of memory and oblivion are addressed. Through the narrative, time is apprehended and refigured, allowing the transformation of the substantial identity (idem) in narrative identity (ipse). Narrating is a transcultural need that allows cheating the death and leaving a trail for future generations, but which can be prevented by means such as censorship or torture. In addition, the weakness of collective memory, by being permeated by the imagination, is linked to the fragility of identity, which has a complex relationship with time, allowing the manipulation and abuse of memory and oblivion by those in power. The reconstruction of that past is complex, because it no longer exists, and therefore, this process is permeated by imagination, memory fragments and selectivity. Despite being immutable, the past is likely to be reinterpreted from what Ricoeur refers to as "memory work". The final report of the National Truth Commission attempts to institutionally create a new historical and transactional narrative on the troubled period of the military dictatorship in Brazil. Narrating this past is a difficult process, but necessary for the victims who were silent and to Brazilian society that needs to understand this traumatic period to move on. The path of replenishment is complex and unfinished, because it is always possible to formulate new narratives and interpretations.