Estudo experimental de tecnologias que visam a maximização da eficiência de conversão de combustível em um motor monocilindro de pesquisa

Abstract

The sharp pace of the planet's population growth, coupled with the finite availability of energy resources for the next human generations, highlights the need to take immediate actions for the environment. Added to this is the intensification of manmade activities on nature and the use of fossil fuels which, together, contribute to an increased global pollution and higher average temperatures. One way of reversing this scenario for the future is the optimization of internal combustion engines, which are currently seen as largely responsible for land-based pollution, mainly through the emission of polluting gases into the atmosphere. In this sense, the proposal of this work, which is in accordance with international environmental legislation, is to study the implementation of new technologies aimed at maximizing the fuel conversion efficiency of an internal combustion engine. For that, parameters such as the variation of the volumetric compression ratio, fuel and water injection systems, flow structure control and exhaust gas recirculation were analyzed in a single-cylinder search engine. In tests carried out on a bench dynamometer, the E27 and E100 fuels were used, which supply the current Brazilian fleet, the last being considered as an excellent renewable biofuel alternative for the future. The tests were divided into stages so that specific conclusions could be drawn about the implementation of different technologies in the operation of the engine. Results show a gain of up to 5% in fuel conversion efficiency when an optimum compression ratio was adopted, as well as the reduction in pollutant emissions, fuel consumption and combustion improvement through the use of technologies such as EGR, control of the flow structure, fuel direct injection and water port-fuel injection